The State of Rajasthan was constituted on 30th March 1949. The land is mostly flat with the Thar Desert dominating the western region. The total cultivable area in the State is 165 lakh hectares. The main crops are rice, barley, millet, maize, wheat, oilseeds, pulses, cotton and tobacco. Major industries are textiles and sugar, cement, glass, fertilizers, pesticides, railway wagons and vegetable dyes. Rajasthan has rich mineral deposits of zinc, emerald, garnet, silver ore, marble and red stone. Summers are extremely hot, and winters are cold. The average annual rainfall is 50 cm.